In the name of Allah this booklet is written on the light of renowned Islamic Scholar, Allama Syed Abul Ala Moududi’s text on “principles of Prophet Muhammad (pubh)”.
This booklet is not an autobiography of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) rather only a glimpse of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) about whom thousands of written books are available everywhere.
In practice sometimes we see, summary of any very big thing brings more impact on the readers that is why I attempted to translate this short book of the said scholar.
A pertinent question
Is a guide for mankind from Allah essential?
The answer is yes. Because Allah created the universe and the mankind as His Caliph in the world. Allah is the source of all authentic knowledge of the universe. Think from first human being (Hazrat Adam) of whatever knowledge we acquired are not our’s own. Those are all from this divine source. On the background of this basic knowledge and teachings from Allah we can just enhance knowledge and investigation through our experience. Yet these are also from Almighty as a form of ‘ILHAM’ we get from the core divine source. This is why mankind always deserves a permanent, honest, correct, unspeculative source of knowledge – an unique source. It is the spirit of Allah which is the foundation of all source of correct, effective, ethical divine knowledge.
Let us discuss the question that the wise man of old days among them many is supposed to be religious leaders and prophets. Among all of them why we should glorify the life of only Muhammad (pbuh)? The certain reason is the prophets about whom mentioned in the holy Quran the teachings and whole lifestyle of them except Muhammad (pbuh) have not reached us in toto. For example: Hazrat Ibrahim, Ishaque, Yunus, Musa, Isha (pbuh) were doubtlessly prophets and we have faith in them but scriptures revealed to them is no more preserved unchanged from which we can have guidelines. Even life of any one of them has not reached us flawlessly from dependable source so that we can accept them as guide in different sectors in our personal and social life. If any people wants to write anything he will not be able to write not more than few pages about their life. The only exception is the holy Quran in this perspective. Accurate information is not available anywhere other than Al-Quran which had been revealed to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
Conditions of the prophets (peace be upon them) in Jews’ scripture
Hazrat Musa (pbuh) and the life of prophets following him and about their teachings have been mentioned in Old Testament. If anyone review Bible from historical point of view then he will see that the original Tawrat which was revealed to Hazrat Musa (pbuh) was vanished with the destruction of Bitul Mukaddas in the 6th B.C. The scriptures sent down to other prophets were badly affected which were revealed before Musa (pbuh). In the 5th century B.C, Bani Israils were freed from captivity and reached Palestine. With the help of some more people Hazrat Uzair composed the life history of Hazrat Musa (pbuh). The history of Bani Israil were mentioned there and also the verses of Tawrat were written in his own hand as well as by his companions. From 4th B.C to 2nd B.C different people (unknown) composed books of particular prophets from unknown sources which continued for several centuries later on. For example a person in the 3rd B.C composed a book in the name of Hazrat Yunus and added it to the Bible where as he was a prophet of 8th B.C. ‘The Zabur’ was written hundreds of years after the death of Hazrat Daud (pbuh). In addition poems of about hundred poets recite what Hazrat Daud (pbuh) composed at that time. Hazrat Sulaiman (pbuh) died in 933 B.C where as Sulaiman’s proverbs were written in 250 B.C. In this way tales of many other wise men of old days were compiled.
As a matter of fact no charter of Bible belongs up to the period of those prophets which are claimed to be theirs. Besides Hebrew Bible were ravaged for the 2nd time in 70 A.D. Only its Greek version lasts which was translated from 250 B.C to first B.C. In the 2nd century Jewish scholars edited Hebrew Bible with the help of manuscript which was saved from being vanished. The oldest piece of the book which is available today was written 916 A.D. The Hebrew scrolls which were received in the Korman cave near Dead Sea was written in second and first B.C. In it a few pieces of Bible was found. Greek translations which were of third and second B.C was full of numerous errors. From that translation, edition in Latin was done in second and third A.D. The informations about Hazrat Musa (pbuh) and biography and teachings of next prophets are full of incorrect messages. So how can we consider them to be acceptable!
Besides some descriptions could be hard from the Jews orally, remain unwritten for 13 to 14 hundred years. At the end of 2nd century A.D and in the beginning of 3rd century Rabi Yahuda Bin Shamun name this ‘Mishna’ gave it a shape of a book. Palestinian Jews wrote an explanation Halkak and Babeli scholars ‘Aggadah’ in the 3rd and 5th century respectively. All these three books were named ‘Talmud’. These narrators had no clue by which they could be followed. Neither the source of this narration from whom these has been described were mentioned.
Hazrat Isha (pbuh) and the scriptures of Christians
The lifestyle and teachings of Hazrat Isha (pbuh) are also same. Main Injil which was revealed to Isha (pbuh) through revelations (wahi) was taught to his people and disciples who narrated these to others orally in such a way that Isha’s messages and that of the Injil were amalgamated. Even a poem of the book was not written during the period of Hazrat Isha (pbuh) or thereafter. Rather Christians started writing his work in Greek language whereas the mother tongue of Hazrat Isha (pbuh) was Syrian or Aramic. His disciples also used to talk in that language. Many Greek language speaking authors heard those descriptions in Aramic and included in Greek language. No book of those authors was composed before 70 A.D. Among those no author narrated any event by which decision can be made that from whom they heard and narrated the holy sayings of Isha (pbuh). Moreover those writings are no more preserved today. According to new testaments of Bible thousands of Greek pieces were compiled but from these even a piece could not be obtained which was written before 4th A.D rather most of them are written in between 11th and 14th centuries. In Egypt those scattered parts written on papyrus are not older than that of 3rd century. Who, when and where translation from Greek to Latin was done has not been investigated.
In the 4th century these were re-written by the order of Pope. Then in the 16th century these were excluded and in its place another new translation from Greek to Latin was published. Greek to Syrian translation of four Injils was done perhaps in 200 A.D but its oldest piece which is now available was written in 4th century. The manuscript which is available nowadays is also mostly separate from that. Translation which has been done from Syrian to Arabic is not before 18th century. So it is a matter of surprise why among 70 Injils written only four Injils were accepted by the Christian religious leaders and rejected others. It is not known what the cause of accepting or rejecting them. Depending on those informations can Hazrat Isha (pbuh) and the glory of his life and teachings be considered to be acceptable?
The conditions of other religious leaders are also same. For example: Jarthustra whose birth time is not rightly known to us. At best, we can say a little bit more than 250 years before the conquest of Iran by Alexander (whose existence was 550 years before Isha (pbuh)). Jarthustra scripture Abesta is not available in his original language and that language is also dead. In the 19th century A.D explanation of some of his parts and translation was done in 9 pieces. But first two pieces were damaged and nowadays its oldest edition is available which was written in 13th century. About the biography of Jarthustra we do not know much more, that he started preaching at the age of 40. Two years later emperor Gostsab accepted his discipleship and his religion got recognition as government religion. He was alive for 77 years. As the time rolled on after his death, peculiar stories about his life were being written which has no historical basis.
Among others Buddha was one of the famous religious leaders of the world. There was an assumption that Buddha was perhaps a prophet like Jarthustra. But in fact, he did not live any scripture. His followers did not claim that he had given any scripture. One hundred years after his death the collections of his messages and biography started and that continued for several centuries. But books like this which were known as the main book of Buddhist religion were not given any kind of inter relationship by which it could be known from which source this messages and biography reached the hand of compilers.
So far it is understood that if you want to follow other prophets and religious leaders we have no way out to find the right path about their teaching and life history with firm belief. Then there remain no other way that we should search such a prophet who is dependable and leaves behind a flawless scripture and elaborate life history, messages and deeds which have reached us from a reliable source. So that we can have guidelines and follow him. We can have only such a personality in the world history that is the personality of Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) who is the sum total of all virtues.
Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) has presented a book Al-Quran with firm conviction that these are the messages of Allah which have been revealed to him. When we review the scripture we find no adulteration has been mixed with it. Even no word of prophet (pbuh) has been added to Al-Quran. Rather his speeches have been kept separated from it (Al-Quran). Even a single word of any person other than Allah has been added. Al-Quran reached to our age from the age of prophet (pbuh) unchanged.
When the verses of holy Quran continued to be revealed to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) he by himself wrote those verses. These wahi (revelation) were compiled by reliable writer of his own. Then the written verses were recited before him. When he was sure that these have been written without any error then he kept them in a preserved place. In this way he compiled the verses of Quran afterwards thus Al-Quran got a full-fledged shape.
From the onset of Islamic teachings our prophet (pbuh) gave an instruction about Salat (Namaj) in which part of Quran has to be recited compulsorily. For this reason the sahabas (companions of prophet) got the verses by heart. Many of them memorized the whole Quran and there were a good number of sahabas who memorize parts of the holy Quran. Thus the holy Quran was preserved in four ways during the time of prophet (pbuh).
- Prophet himself got the ‘wahis’ and preserved by wahi writers.
- Many sahabas memorize the holy Quran letter by letter (known as Hafeez-e-Quran).
- There was no such sahabi who did not get by heart some parts of the chapter (sura) because the person had to recite them in salat. Now imagine how many numbers of sahabas were there on the day of last pilgrimage (Hajj) possibly one lac and fifty thousand were present in field of Arafat.
- Many literate sahabas wrote the holy Quran or its parts and read them to Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) to become sure about its authenticity.
Therefore it is an undeniable fact that today’s Quran presented to us is that what Allah’s messages revealed to prophet (pbuh) during his lifetime. After the death of Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) the first caliph Hazrat Abu Bakar (R) assembled the hafeezes of Quran and manuscripts and with their help edited a full fledged Quran. During the reign of Hazrat Usman (R) this edition was copied and sent to different centers of Islamic world officially of which two copies are still present, one in Istanbul (Turkey) and another in Taskend (Uzbekistan). If anyone wants to see them he can match them with the printed copies and he will find no exception to the original one. There is no chance to change even a word or letter because the hafeezes all over the world with point out the willful mistakes if done by anybody. At the end of last 19th century an institute of Munich university collected manuscripts 42000 copies of holy Quran from different parts of Muslim world. These were analyzed for 50 years then a report was published in which it is said that there is no difference among any copy nor any irrelevance except writing error. It is a matter of grief when bombs were dropped on Germany in the Second World War the research institute got destroyed. But the result of the research did not get wiped out from the world even today.
Another thing to say the language in which Al-Quran was revealed to Muhammad (pbuh) is still a living language. From Iraq to Morocco this language is mother tongue which is used by as many as 12 crores of people. In the non-Arab world lakhs of people study this language (Arabic). Arabic grammar, dictionary, spelling, terminologies have been running unchanged from 15th century.
This is a unique characteristics of Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) other than any other prophet or religious leaders. The scripture which has been revealed to him from Allah for the guidance of mankind is present without any change or amplification.
Diagnostic proofs of Sirat and Sunnah
If we notice another characteristic it will be seen that here, too, prophet (pbuh) is second to none among other prophets and religious leaders that his life history has been preserved like scripture bestowed upon him. From these we can have guidance in each and every field of life. From childhood to his last breath whoever had seen him, heard his words and speech, noticed his deeds, and heard him to command something and to prohibit from doing something have been preserved and reached his posterities. According to some specialists the number of such posterities was about one lac who saw him with their own eyes and heard with their own ears. All of these teachings were narrated to their next generations. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) too wrote some instructions and sends them to different places. Of the sahabas (companions) there were at least six percents who wrote his hadith and read out to him so that there should be no error. All these writings too were received by the people of next generations. After the death of prophet (pbuh) about 50 sahabas (companions) collected his life history, life events and words he said, in written form. This huge store of knowledge disseminated to close people who collected and edited hadith later on. Those sahabas who narrated verbally the notable facts about life history were also disseminated. According to some researcher number of such companions of Rasool (pbuh) would be nearly one lac. There is no wonder because in last Hajj (Hajjatul Bida) near about one lac forty thousand Muslims were present who heard his last speech and the way of performing Hajj. It is very likely that when this huge number of people returns home after Hajj their friends, neighbors should have asked about this trip (Hajj) with due eagerness regarding delivered speech and instructions given by the prophet (pbuh).
These descriptions that have reached the people of next generations the principle about them has been maintained from the first who heard any narratives to the next man it is conveyed. To become sure of a fact that truly prophet (pbuh) narrated this above method is the wisest one. There was a continuous process of narration dispersion so that any discrepancy was ruled out immediately and doubtless one was conveyed. When the source remain undoubtful or the middle narrator was not dependable that narration was not accepted to be conveyed. This happening was only in the life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) as a result no single word about him was accepted without proof. Even this was applicable to the sources of narration also. In this way hadith of Prophet (pbuh) came to us. During the process of collection of hadith the character of a person who described a particular saying of Prophet (pbuh) was reviewed in such a way that the life history of the describer whether he was a liar or imbecile, fabricator was thoroughly analyzed. Any suspicion about the narrator if found his narrations were not accepted.
In the history of humanity is there any person other than out Prophet (pbuh) whose biography has been so critically analyzed and written from reliable sources as well as the number of writers of a biography (thousands of writer wrote and researched on the life of our Prophet (pbuh)). Regarding Jesus and Jews there is no data about their life’s narrated by their religious leaders. Possibly out of jealousy they defy their intellectual honesty in the criticism of Islam, Al-Quran and Prophet (pbuh) although they are aware of each sector of the life of out prophet (pbuh).
In Sirat there is not only the viewpoints but the elaborate descriptions ins and outs of his life are available to us which is unique in the world. What was his family life, what was his lifestyle before having prophethood, how he got prophet hood, how Allah’s messages were bestowed upon him, how he preached this messages, how he tackle the crisis and opposition, how he taught his companions, what kind of moral education he gave, what was his nature and character, in what respect he commanded and what kind of deeds he prohibited all these are mentioned in Hadiths and books of Sirat in details. He was also a commander in chief in the war field. He led many wars big and small in his lifetime and details of these battles with full descriptions are in our hand. He was also head of the state and full descriptions of the system of government are available to us. He was also a good justice and all the work statement and complaints submitted to his court are available. We also come to know what judgment he gave. He himself was vigilant in market monitoring to know how the people buy and sell their goods. He used to keep the people refraining from doing wrong and expressed satisfaction if the work was done honestly and vice-versa. In fact, there was no such side of his life left hidden and he gave proper guidelines to any of the problems of human life during his lifetime.
For this reasons we can conclude that among all the prophets and religious leaders only prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is the only leader for world humanity as guidance. Scripture given by him is preserved accurately, his life history too. There are necessity for our guidance from that source only which have reached us from authentic and reliable sources. Now we are to discuss the messages and guidelines those we obtained.
- Prophet’s (pbuh) messages for the whole humanity: First matter which attracts us is that he called upon all men as a human being regardless of complexion, lineage, language, differences in ethnic groups or state. He presented basic principles which are beneficial for all the people of the world. Whoever will follow these principles will be regarded as Muslim whether his complexion is black or white, either he is a resident of the east or the west, Arab or non Arab. A man who is born in any country or any race or family, in whatever language he speaks and skin color he possess the call of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is for all. If he recognizes the basic principle he will be included in Muslim millet (nation) with equal rights. There is no question of untouchability, high or low class, any language or racial or geographical discrimination.
- Eradication of Grandeur of complexion and tribal nationalism: By disregarding humanity the difference between man to man has been created big and powerful proud man in the world. The wall of distance between different classes of people has been erected so much that some are untouchable to others and they deserve no right as a human being. In Hindu Brahmanism this has been considered right because of their classical dignity. Such type of racial differences in behavior is seen even in America or Australia. In the past the blacks had been forced to be slave and had to perform work because he was born in Africa with black complexion. Allah has created mankind and differentiated them in several groups, generation, complexion, language and geographical distribution from the time immemorial. Allah asked the humanity to pray him irrespective of everything but most people did not follow this because of the inner play of evil spirit (Saitan). So we see hostility and warfare between groups of various tribes in this world. One country leads soldiers to another country; one nation plunders other nation, sometimes ruins the whole nation. Prophet (pbuh) made such a prescription for this disease that enemies of Islam too were bound to accept this doctrine. Complexion, lineage and geographical differences had been removed by Islam. This solution did not benefit to anyone rather everybody. All are blessed by this sort of solution. One of the famous American Negro leader MalicomX when embraced Islam he went to perform Hajj and saw people of different tribes, lineage, countries of different languages assembling there from east-west-north-south and all corners of the world wearing dress of Ihram of uniform color, all are uttering ‘Labbaik’ in the same language (Arabic), circumambulating around Kaba, standing and saying prayer behind one Imam then he shouted and said “The only solution of the problem of race and lineage is right here, not there what we have so long done”. Yet the oppressors killed him but the biography he wrote himself is available in printed form in which we can see how much impact he received from Hajj. In Hajj it is explored to all that Islam is a complete code of life. This religion is for whole humanity and in the eye of Islam all people of the world is equal in their rights. Whoever accepts this basic principle are joined in the universal brotherhood of Islam. This religion does not do any wrong with the non-Muslims as the white skinned people have done with the black skin, what the imperialist nation have done with the obedient nations, what communist governments have done with the non communist under their rule.
Then we have to see the basic principles for the wellbeing of humanity what prophet (pbup) had put forward, what spirit lies in it. It gives not only the security of whole humanity but also unites the whole mankind by the uniform yarn and power to make a nation (Ummah).
- Widespread concept of oneness of Allah: In Islam first of all Allah’s oneness has been proclaimed not in this sense that Allah present, Allah is there but its meaning is that Allah is the only creator of the universe, owner and director as well as ruler. In the whole universe there is no other being that belongs to the ruling power, the governance of the universe. Allah has the only right to command and compell His creations to abstain from anything. He has the only authority to make anything legal or illegal. Besides Him nobody has any right to create any law of his own because he is the creator, lord and owner of all. He will give His servant or Caliph (man) permission what to do or not. The demand of Islam is that Allah should be obeyed to that much extent what a master demands. All the laws and rules formulated by Him should be followed by his creatures. He has given none to impose power on us. He should be obeyed in this sense that our head should be bowed before anyone except Him. He has to be obeyed in all spheres of life. He alone can determine and change our destiny. Our life and death is absolutely in His hand. Whenever He wants He will make us die or keep us alive as long as He wants. When death comes from Him nobody has the power to resist this and that person has no way to keep alive but to die.
The whole universe from earth to sky is under His command. It is the duty of human being that they should be obedient to Allah. If they become desperate or start obeying other than Him the lifestyle will go against the whole system of world. In other words we have to understand that the whole universe is running according to the will of Allah, it is such self evident matter which one cannot change. So if we live our life according to the will of others then that path will be going to the opposite direction of Allah’s will. In this situation there will be a continuous collision which would be prevailing in the world system. Any other system adopted by people will be in contradiction with reality which should be avoided otherwise chaos and clash may take place everywhere in this world.
- Call of allegiance to prophet (pbuh): Prophet Muhammad’s (pbuh) proclamation about his prophet hood was uncompromising and everyone was bound to follow him and the messages he got from Allah. He himself followed everything absolutely all the messages from Allah. He had not any right to change or exaggerate the message. Al-Quran itself is the law given by Allah and sunnah, the laws issued by prophet on the basis of Allah’s recommendation and instruction. Towards this law prophet’s head of allegiance had been bowed first of all. Then he called upon each and every person to give up other prevailing laws and superstitions and follow the laws of Islam.
Somebody may fall in doubt how a person can follow his own sunnah instructed by himself. This is because Sunnat e Rasool is not from his own but it is also the guidance of Allah in prophet’s language so he and his followers or believers used to follow Quran and sunaah as a whole. Sometimes prophet might have given some opinion about something of his own. At this point sahabas (companions) asked the prophet many a times “Oh prophet of Allah, are you saying it according to command of Allah or are these your own judgment”. If he would answer that this matter was his personal opinion not Allah’s command then sahabas would express difference of opinion which varied from one person to another. But if prophet answered that these are from Allah then everyone had to obey unquestionably. In this way prophet (pbuh) taught his ummah to put forward their own opinion without fear so that a way of consultation based system can come up.
- Charter of Freedom: The charter for mankind which has given to the world is that we all are servants of Allah and none has any right to make the people his servant. Even he will not be the servant of prophet himself. He has freed mankind from being other’s servants but Allah. Supremacy of a man upon another has been demolished forever with that a great charity which has given to man is the greatness of this code which any autocratic, dictatorial, democratic system has not given. This code is permanent values of good and bad which has given to man which should never been changed. Another thing prophet (pbuh) taught his people that servants of Allah will be answerable in future in front of Allah. They have not been created reinless in this world to do what their mind wants rather they have to give an account of all their deeds to the creator and owner. After death they will be resurrected and have to be present before Allah for interrogation. This is such a moral power which is incorporated with conscience for which a man can do right or wrong. When he is going to do any wrong his conscience will warn him from doing this. If he does not refrain from any misdeed in spite of this warning then he will commit a sin. When there is no police or any institution to resist him yet there is always a guard within oneself. Allah is seeing us even in solitary place or in the forest. Fear of Allah will resist him even in the darkness where nobody can see him. This is the only way with no other alternative for moral rectification and to enhance moral upliftment. Besides if any step is taken to rectify character that is not more than this in the materialistic eye that is welfare oriented. Sometimes unjust and mischievous steps are considered just or right behavior in favor of their own policy (materialistic eye). Steps are taken with the point of view of profit, gain and power. That is why in this outlook the person who is honest in personal life is on the other hand a notorious disbeliever, cheat, plunderer and oppressor. He is an honest in some cases and extreme wicked in some other cases. It is sometimes saying that on the one side he may be a honest businessman and man of good character apparently but on the other side he is a drunkard, rapist, gambler and a tourist of worst character. They say that social and personal life is separate. If any person points his finger about guilt errors then he says ‘mind your own businesses’. The full opposite belief is Allah’s sayings that wrongs are always wrong in any circumstances. There is no double standard of right or wrong. True Muslims work with truthfulness and do not perform any wrong even it seems to be profitable for them. If human being violates this idea against the teaching of Islam then he will reach to the lowest level of animal. For example: it has been announced in surah At-Tin “Verily we created men in the best stature then we reduced him to the lowest level”.
In this way under the leadership of prophet (pbuh) man has got not only an unchangeable code of life but also a long lasting strong pillar which is unshakable unalterable. The believers will lead in this right path and do not commit any offense.
- Honesty in worldly affairs instead of stoicism: Call of prophet (pbuh) has other significant teaching which teaches us that good conduct neither in broken cottage nor in the khanka of saint rather to follow Islamic teachings in each and every sector of life. This is genuine spiritualism. The spiritualism and virtues of character that the people of the world use to look for in beggars and saint prophet brought them in the state and ruling level. It is he who taught people to perform trade and business with fear of Allah and due honesty. He taught the police and soldiers to be afraid of Allah and refrain from doing wrong in their profession. He removed wrong conception that Allah’s wali (friend) is that guy who leaves the household work and only utters ‘Allah Allah’. He announced that he is not a wali rather wali is he who will be proved to be Allah fearer ruler, justice, commander, police, trader, artist and in all other matters. They should have belief in future interrogation of their worldly trusteeship before Allah. In this way our prophet (pbuh) brought out good conduct and spiritualism from the cottage of stoicism and brought economics, social principles, politics, court and war in the field of justice and established the kingdom of welfare.
- Welfare of guidance: Before Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) the state in which he lived were full of robbers, thieves, oppressors, inhumans. But afterwards those people became custodian of all moral values and keepers of life, goods, honour and chastity. Before the advent of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) the world faced those rulers who subjugated people by oppression and beating and carried on lordship from high palaces. It is who introduced the world to such rulers who had to walk in the markets like common people and ruled them with due justice. Before him the world was acquainted with those army who used to kill the people in occupied territory aimlessly and set fire on the houses and raped women of the vanquished communities. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) introduced the world such an army who when that entered a town / city did not touch anybody except enemy soldiers and when retreated from the conquered places jizya tax were realized. The history of mankind is full of conquering cities and countries but we see no other example which matches with the ‘conquest of Mecca’. The people of that town who carried on steamroller on the prophet and his followers for 13 years but when prophet entered that town in such a state when his head was bowed before Allah. His behavior did not have even a bit of arrogance or pride. Those people who carried out oppression on him for 13 years and compelled him to migrate and those who were battling with him for 8 years after Hizrat when they were presented before him vanquished he announced forgiveness instead of taking revenge. Hazrat Muhammad (pbuh) said after occupation of Mecca ‘Today you are freed and you will not be caught for your past misdeeds’. Later on when we see the history of Muslim ummah and other nations we are stuned at the behavior of the Christians when they conquered Baitul-Muqaddis in crusade. They killed at least sixty thousand Muslims but when Sultan Salahuddin re-conquered Baitul-Muqaddis he did not kill any Christian people other than soldiers at war. Similarly when Muslims conquered Spain they spared general people but when Christians re-conquered Spain they behave and showed severe level of cruelty to the Muslims killing almost all of them.
The life of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is an ocean which cannot be possible in a limited or enormous book. So it is our opportunity or fortune to be a Muslim and to learn everything from his life. Whoever want whether Muslim and non-Muslim to have direction from any prophet or religious leader Muhammad (pbuh) is the unique source of guidance for him and for the whole mankind.
